Skimming and scanning are two very different strategies for
speed reading.
They are each used for different purposes, and they are not meant to be used all the time. They are at the fast end of the
speed reading range, while studying is at the slow end.
People who know how to skim and scan are flexible readers. They read
according to their purpose and get the information they need quickly
without wasting time. They do not read everything which is what
increases their reading speed. Their skill lies in knowing what specific
information to read and which method to use.
What Is Skimming?
Skimming is one of the tools you can use to read more in less time.
Skimming refers to looking
only
for the general or main ideas, and works best with non-fiction (or
factual) material. With skimming, your overall understanding is reduced
because you don’t read everything. You read only what is important to
your purpose. Skimming takes place while reading and allows you to look
for details in addition to the main ideas.
How to skim.?Many people think that skimming is a haphazard process
placing the eyes where ever they fall. However, to skim effectively,
there has to be a structure but you don’t read everything.
What you read is more important than what you leave out. So what material do you read and what material do you leave out?
Let’s say you are doing research on a long chapter or a web site. By
reading the first few paragraphs in detail, you will get a good idea of
what information will be discussed. Once you know where the reading is
headed, you can begin to
read only the first sentence of each paragraph. Also called
topic sentences,
they give you the main idea of the paragraph. If you do not get the
main idea in the topic sentence or if the paragraph greatly interests
you, then you may want to skim more.
At the end of each topic sentence, your eyes should drop down through
the rest of the paragraph, looking for important pieces of information,
such as names, dates, or events. Continue to read only topic sentences,
dropping down through the rest of the paragraphs, until you are near
the end. Since the last few paragraphs may contain a conclusion or
summary, you should stop skimming there and read in detail. Remember
that your overall comprehension will be lower than if you read in
detail. If while skimming, you feel you are grasping the main ideas,
then you are skimming correctly.
When to skim.Because skimming is done at a fast speed with
less-than-normal comprehension, you shouldn’t skim all the time. There
are many times, however, when skimming is very useful.
Suppose you are taking a presentation skills class and have to
deliver an oral report in a few days about the first computers ever
made. You locate six books and four newspaper articles about this topic.
Because you must be ready soon, you do not have time to read each word,
but you need a large quantity of solid information.
Skimming will help you locate the information quickly while making
sure you use your time wisely. It will also increase the amount of
usable material you obtain for your research.
Suppose you have an exam in a few days. You need to review the
material you learned, but you don’t want to reread everything. By
skimming, you can quickly locate the information you haven’t mastered
yet and study only that material.
While reading, ask yourself the following questions to help you
decide whether or not to skim. If you answer yes to any of these, then
skimming is a useful tool.
? Is this material non-fiction?
? Do I have lots of read and only a small amount of time?
? Do I already know something about this?
? Can any of the material be skipped?
If you have sufficient background knowledge or believe you don’t need
the information, then skip it! That’s right—don’t read it at all!
Believe it or not, skipping material may sometimes be the best use of
your time. Just because someone wrote something doesn’t mean you have to
read it.
If you pick and choose carefully what you skim and skip,
you will be pleasantly surprised at the large amount of information you
can get through in a short period of time.
What Is Scanning?
Scanning is another useful tool for speeding up your reading. Unlike skimming, when
scanning, you look
only
for a specific fact or piece of information without reading everything.
You scan when you look for your favorite show listed in the cable
guide, for your friend’s phone number in a telephone book, and for the
sports scores in the newspaper. For scanning to be successful, you need
to understand how your material is structured as well as comprehend what
you read so you can locate the specific information you need. Scanning
also allows you to find details and other information in a hurry.
How to scan. Because you already scan many different types of
material in your daily life, learning more details about scanning will
be easy. Establishing your purpose, locating the appropriate material,
and knowing how the information is structured before you start scanning
is essential.
The material you scan is typically arranged in the following ways:
alphabetically, chronologically, non-alphabetically, by category, or
textually.
Alphabetical information is arranged in order from A to Z, while
chronological information is arranged in time or numerical order.
Information can be also be arranged in
non- alphabetical order, such as a television listing, or by
category,
listings of like items such as an auto parts catalog. Sometimes
information is located within the written paragraphs of text, also known
as a
textual sense, as in an encyclopedia entry.
Learning to use your hands while scanning is very helpful in locating
specific information. Do you do anything with your hands to locate a
word in a dictionary? To find a meeting time on your calendar? To read a
train or bus schedule? Using your hand or finger is extremely helpful
in focusing your attention and keeping your place while scanning a
column of material.
Your peripheral vision can also help you scan effectively. When
your hand moves down a list of names, you see not only the name your
finger is pointing to, but also the names above and below. Let your eyes
work for you when searching for information.
Keep the concept of key words in mind while scanning. Your
purpose will determine the key words. Suppose you are looking for the
time a train leaves from New York City for Washington, D.C.The key words
to keep in mind are “from New York City” and “to Washington,D.C.” If
you are looking for the cost of a computer printer with the code number
PX-710, the key word to locate in a list of many printers is “PX-710.”
When to scan.?You scan when your aim is to find specific pieces of
information. If you were doing the research for an oral presentation,
you could scan the index of books, web sites, and reference materials.
You would discover whether they contain any information you want and the
pages where the information can be found.
In the past, you probably scanned without knowing you were doing it.
Now with the information provided in this section, you can use scanning
more intentionally and frequently. The more you practice, the more
effective scanning will become. Finally, the most important benefit of
scanning is its ability to help you become a more flexible reader.
Scanning adds another high gear to your reading.
Permission to not read everything.?Because you may be used to reading
every word and may be uncomfortable leaving some words out, you need to
give yourself permission to overlook some words by skimming, scanning,
and skipping material according to your reading purpose. I give you
permission to NOT read everything!
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